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Description :

　　oneBoiler overpressure accident

　　Boiler overpressure phenomenon

　　1) The air pressure rises sharply, exceeding the permitted working pressure, and the pressure gauge pointer exceeds the "red line" of the permitted working pressure. After the safety valve is activated, the pressure continues to rise.

　　2) Send an overpressure alarm signal and activate the overpressure interlock protection device.

　　3) The steam temperature increases while the steam flow rate decreases.

　　Boiler overpressure treatment

　　1) Quickly reduce combustion and manually open the safety valve or release valve.

　　2) Increase water supply and strengthen drainage in the lower steam drum (at this time, attention should be paid to maintaining the normal water level of the boiler) to reduce the temperature of the boiler water and thus lower the pressure of the boiler steam drum.

　　3) If the safety valve fails or all pressure gauges are damaged, the furnace should be shut down urgently, and the pressure should be increased and operated after the safety valve and pressure gauges are repaired.

　　4) When the boiler experiences overpressure and endangers safe operation, pressure reduction measures should be taken, but it is strictly prohibited to reduce the pressure too quickly.

　　twoBoiler water shortage accident

　　Boiler water shortage phenomenon

　　1) The water level is below the low safety water level line.

　　2) The water level alarm generates a low water level alarm signal.

　　3) The low water level interlock protection device is activated.

　　4) The steam temperature of the superheater rises sharply, exceeding the normal outlet steam temperature.

　　5) The exhaust temperature of the boiler has increased.

　　6) If the water supply flow rate is lower than the steam flow rate, and there is a shortage of water due to the rupture of the furnace tube or economizer tube, the opposite phenomenon will occur.

　　7) When there is severe water shortage, a burnt smell can be smelled.

　　8) When there is severe water shortage, red hot water-cooled wall tubes can be seen from the furnace door.

　　Boiler water shortage treatment

　　For boilers with water level gauges below the high flame limit, the boiler should be immediately shut down urgently, the furnace temperature should be reduced, and the main steam valve and feedwater valve should be closed. For boilers with large water capacity and water connecting pipes higher than the high flame limit of the boiler, the "water calling" method can be used to determine the severity of the shortage in order to take corresponding measures.

　　When judging that the water shortage is not severe by "calling for water", the combustion can be weakened, the load can be reduced, water can be slowly added, and after restoring the normal water level, the combustion equipment can be started to gradually heat up and increase the pressure before being put into operation.

　　When it is judged as severe water shortage through "calling for water", the boiler must be shut down urgently, and blindly supplying water to the boiler is strictly prohibited. It is absolutely not allowed to have a mentality of luck and blindly supply water in an attempt to cover up the responsibility for causing boiler water shortage. This erroneous approach often leads to major disasters, expanding accidents, and even causing boiler explosions and casualties.

　　threeBoiler full water accident

　　Boiler full water phenomenon

　　1) The water level is higher than the high allowable line, or the water level cannot be seen, and the color inside the glass tube (plate) of the water level gauge is dark.

　　2) The dual color water level gauge indicates the color of all water phases.

　　3) The high and low water level alarm sends out a high water level warning signal.

　　4) The temperature of superheated steam has significantly decreased.

　　5) The feedwater flow rate is abnormally higher than the steam flow rate.

　　6) There is a large amount of water stored in the cylinder, and the steam trap moves violently.

　　7) In severe cases, a large amount of steam carries water, increasing the salt content, causing water hammer sound in the steam pipeline, and steam and water dripping outward from the flange connection.

　　Boiler full water treatment

　　1) Rinse the water level gauge, check for false water levels, and determine whether it is slightly or severely full.

　　2) If it is slightly full of water, the combustion should be reduced, the automatic water supply regulator should be changed to manual, the water supply valve should be partially or completely closed, the water supply should be reduced or stopped, and the economizer recirculation pipe valve or bypass flue should be opened. If necessary, the drain valve can be opened to release a small amount of boiler water. At the same time, the drain valves on the steam pipeline and superheater can be opened to accelerate drainage. After the water level drops to the normal water level line, normal operation can be resumed.

　　3) If it is severely flooded, emergency shutdown should be carried out.

　　fourBoiler steam water co distillation accident

　　Boiler steam water co distillation phenomenon

　　1) The water level in the water level gauge fluctuates sharply up and down, and the water level line is blurred.

　　2) The alkalinity and salt content of the boiler water severely exceed the standard.

　　3) A large amount of steam carries water, resulting in a decrease in steam quality and a decrease in steam temperature at the outlet of the superheater.

　　4) Water hammer occurs in the steam pipeline, and there is air and water leakage at the flange connection.

　　Boiler steam water co distillation treatment

　　1) Reduce combustion, lower load, and maintain stability.

　　2) Increase the amount of sewage discharge to supply qualified water and monitor the water level.

　　3) Boilers that use in pot dosing treatment should stop dosing.

　　4) Superheater, steam pipeline, steam separator and steam equipment are drained.

　　5) Maintain the boiler water level slightly below the normal level.

　　6) Notify water treatment personnel to take measures to ensure the supply of qualified softened water. Increase the frequency of water sampling and testing until the water is qualified before resuming normal operation.

　　7) Before the water quality of the boiler improves, it is strictly prohibited to increase the boiler load. After the accident is eliminated, the water level gauge should be promptly flushed.

　　fiveBoiler tube explosion accident

　　Boiler tube bursting phenomenon

　　1) When the pipe bursts, the sound of steam and water spraying can be heard, and in severe cases, there is a noticeable explosion sound.

　　2) The furnace has changed from negative pressure combustion to positive pressure combustion, and a large amount of furnace smoke and steam are sprayed out from the door holes and air leaks of the furnace wall.

　　3) The water supply flow rate is abnormally higher than the steam flow rate.

　　4) Although the water supply is increased, the water level is often difficult to maintain and the steam pressure decreases.

　　5) The exhaust temperature decreases and the smoke color turns white.

　　6) The furnace temperature drops and even extinguishes the fire.

　　7) The load on the induced draft fan increases, resulting in an increase in current.

　　8) There is water flowing out from the bottom of the boiler and an increase in ash residue.

　　Boiler tube bursting treatment

　　1) When the explosion and leakage of the furnace tube are not serious and the water level can be maintained, and the accident does not escalate, the load can be reduced for a short period of time to maintain operation, and the standby furnace can be started before shutting down.

　　2) When the boiler tube ruptures and the water level cannot be maintained, the boiler should be shut down urgently, but the induced draft fan should not be stopped. Water should continue to be supplied to the boiler to reduce the temperature of the tube wall and prevent the accident from further escalating.

　　3) If the boiler is short of water or the pipe wall overheats and bursts, the boiler should be shut down urgently, and it is strictly prohibited to supply water to the boiler. At this time, the residual fire in the boiler should be removed as soon as possible to reduce the furnace temperature and minimize the degree of boiler overheating.

　　4) If there are several boilers supplying steam in parallel, the main steam pipe of the accident boiler should be separated from the steam main pipe.

　　sixSuperheater tube explosion accident

　　Phenomenon of Superheater Tube Explosion Accident

　　1) There is a sound of steam spraying or explosion near the superheater.

　　2) The steam flow rate drops abnormally and is abnormally lower than the feedwater flow rate.

　　3) The negative pressure in the furnace decreases or becomes positive pressure, and in severe cases, steam and smoke are sprayed outward from the furnace door and observation hole.

　　4) The temperature of the flue gas after the superheater abnormally decreases or the temperature difference between the flue gas before and after the superheater increases.

　　5) When the damage is severe, the boiler steam pressure drops.

　　6) The exhaust temperature significantly decreases, and the color of the smoke emitted from the chimney turns gray white or white.

　　7) The load on the induced draft fan increases, resulting in an increase in current.

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