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Description :

　　Comprehensively reveal the significance and role of benchmark settlement observation markers

　　Many people are not very familiar with surveying and mapping, and are not very clear about the small tools and iconic things needed for surveying and mapping. Therefore, today the editor will explain to you what surveying and mapping markers are, taking benchmark markers as an example.

　　The so-called surveying settlement observation markers refer to various markers established by surveying departments during measurement and left on the ground, underground, or buildings after measurement. Each measurement mark undergoes measurement and calculation to determine its planar position and elevation data on the ground.

　　Represented by benchmark points, benchmark points are control points in the elevation control network that are measured for their elevation using leveling methods. It is generally divided into two categories: sexual and temporary. The sexual benchmark is a benchmark stone set up at the control point, which is buried at a certain depth underground. The marker can also be directly poured into a hard rock layer or a sturdy building to ensure that the benchmark can be stable, safe, long-lasting, and easy to observe and use.

　　Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the surveying and mapping department has established hundreds of thousands of surveying markers throughout the country, including wooden targets, steel targets and stones for various levels of triangulation points, baseline points, traverse points, gravity points, astronomical points, and leveling points, global satellite positioning points, as well as fixed markers and seabed facilities for topographic mapping, engineering surveying, deformation surveying, cadastral surveying, and boundary surveying. This is the result of the hard work of surveying and mapping workers.

　　And the benchmark mark refers to the elevation control point mark buried during the elevation control measurement. The elevation control network composed of benchmark points is called a leveling network. The markers and other marks used to mark the position of benchmark points are collectively referred to as benchmark marks.

　　When the construction unit transports the settlement plate to the construction site, it is difficult to repair it as a qualified product once collision and deformation occur. Therefore, measures must be taken to protect it throughout the installation process and vehicles are not allowed to pass through.

　　If the expansion and contraction of the settlement plate is difficult to adjust on site, the finished product must be carefully inspected. Unqualified products cannot be transported to the site.

　　After reviewing the design drawings and on-site inspection of the location and dimensions, place the settlement plate into the reserved slot before installation.

　　4 The gap at the bridge joint must be sealed with polystyrene foam board to prevent the pouring of protective tape when pouring concrete, otherwise the joint will fail. At the same time, when replacing the V-shaped tape, it is forbidden to pour concrete into the equipment to avoid obstacles.

　　After installing the SCB comb teeth settlement plate and pouring the protective strip concrete, it is necessary to spray water in a timely manner for curing in the first 7-8 days to promote strength growth and prevent cracks. The displacement of the bridge settlement plate is called expansion and contraction. Determining the displacement of the settlement plate is an important component of the design drawing generation process.

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