Xiamen observation standard settlement observation standard L-shaped settlement standard settlement observation point settlement observation nail deformation monitoring

Description :

　　Xiamen observation standard settlement observation standard L-shaped settlement standard settlement observation point settlement observation nail deformation monitoring

　　Building deformation measurement is the work of observing the shape or position changes of the foundation, base, upper structure, and site of a building caused by various forces, and processing and analyzing the observed structures. Directly buried settlement observation marker with exquisite appearance and easy installation. It can be engraved with letters and numbers on the product label for easy data collection and recording of settlement observation; The settlement observation marker is installed stably and can ensure continuous measurement data, and is widely used for settlement observation of high-speed railways, passenger dedicated line bridges, pier bodies, etc; The elevation control points and working base points are used in conjunction with settlement observation markers.

　　Tunnel engineering surveying includes surveying at various stages of pre planning, surveying, construction, and operation management. Due to its particularity and difficult operation, the editor has specially collected some knowledge and practical knowledge about tunnel measurement for everyone.

　　1： Firstly, we need to ensure the consistency of the coordinate system for imports and exports, which requires GPS. We also need to establish a control network for tunnel entrances and exits. Regardless of how many tunnels or inclined shafts there are, the control points for the entrances need to be included in the entire control network for adjustment calculations.

　　Key points of tunnel measurement that surveyors need to understand

　　2： The estimation of through error should be based on the control network, and the limit of through error should be in accordance with relevant regulations. After the control network is established, the tunnel axis, branch lines, and other control points should be stably calibrated on site according to the coordinates provided in the design drawings. The positions should be moderate and avoid being too far or too close to prevent damage and inconvenient operation.

　　3： The excavation and layout of tunnel entrances and exits, including branch tunnels and inclined shaft entrances, can be carried out. After the tunnel face is formed, the excavation line of the tunnel outline can be marked on the tunnel face according to the drawings and construction organization design.

　　Key points of tunnel measurement that surveyors need to understand

　　Notes:

　　1: The working environment for tunnel engineering surveying is relatively harsh, with problems such as low light, poor air quality, and dark ditches. Therefore, surveying personnel must prepare auxiliary tools such as strong searchlights before entering the tunnel.

　　2: When arranging wires, they should be placed on the other side of the tunnel, and the distance between wire points should not exceed 200 meters. Note (for tunnels over 3 kilometers, the grade shall not be lower than fourth class)

　　3: The distance between the layout control point and the excavation surface shall not exceed 50 meters.

　　4: During the layout of tunnel excavation contour points, it is necessary to constantly check for under excavation in protruding areas and record them to avoid difficulties in later processing.

　　5: A total station with laser can be used to measure the cross-section of tunnel excavation, usually every 5 to 10 meters.

AfterSalesService :

• Xiamen Observation Standard