Layout method of observation points for Zhongshan observation markers

Description :

　　Principles for the arrangement of observation points

　　The arrangement of observation points should be based on the principle of effectively controlling various geological boundaries, geological bodies, and geological phenomena. Arranging observation points on the observation route can accurately control the spatial position of geological bodies or geological boundaries, making the recording of raw data organized and systematic, and facilitating the organization, retrieval, and verification of raw data.

　　6.2.1.2 Layout method of observation points

　　Observation points should be arranged at the boundaries of mapping units, lithological and lithological changes, fault lines, fold axes, marker layers, important fossil points, ore bearing layers and mineralized outcrops, joint and foliation measurement and statistics offices, well springs, important sample collection sites, and other meaningful geological phenomena (such as landforms, adverse geological processes, cultural relics excavation sites, etc.).

　　According to the function of observation points, they can be divided into control points and descriptive points. Control points are lithological observation points arranged to control mapping units with exposed widths greater than the spacing between geological points. They mainly record point locations, point characteristics, detailed and accurate rock names, special structures, and structural features. The description points are arranged at important or typical geological phenomena, such as unconformities, intrusive contacts, important top and bottom structures, facies markers, fold axes, faults, etc. The interface (line) exposed points should be observed, studied, described, recorded, sampled, sketched, and photographed in detail.

　　The spacing between observation points should be based on task requirements, in order to effectively control and collect sufficient geological, structural, mineral, and other geological data to meet the requirements for mapping and report writing. All mapping units (formal and informal stratigraphic units), fault lines, fold axes, and other important geological phenomena should have sufficient observation points for control. Generally arranged according to the mapping scale, the point spacing on various geological boundaries is about 1 cm on the map (1:50000 point spacing is about 500m), but for large areas of Quaternary distribution with a single genetic type and age, the point spacing (and line spacing) can be reduced by about twice. Geological bodies with a distance equal to or greater than the route spacing, and closed geological bodies with a distance greater than lcm on the map should be controlled by at least two observation points.

　　6.2.1.3 Calibration of observation points

　　Observation points are recorded or calibrated using GPS for latitude, longitude, and coordinates; Alternatively, the rear intersection method can be used to calibrate based on terrain and ground features correction. In locations with particularly obvious terrain and land features, it can be directly calibrated on the topographic map. The error of the calibrated observation points on the topographic map should not exceed 1mm.

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