Quotation for Observation Standards at the Jiexiu Observation Station in Shanxi Province

Description :

　　Quotation for Observation Standards at the Jiexiu Observation Station in Shanxi Province

　　Generally speaking, the three driving forces behind economic growth are investment, consumption, and exports. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2021, the national fixed assets investment (excluding farmers) will be 54454.7 billion yuan, an increase of 4.9% over the previous year; The total retail sales of consumer goods reached 44082.3 billion yuan, an increase of 12.5% over the previous year; Exports amounted to 2.17348 trillion yuan, an increase of 21.2%.

　　The three driving forces behind steel consumption are infrastructure, real estate, and manufacturing. Infrastructure and real estate belong to investment projects. Although fixed assets investment maintained a certain growth rate in 2021, its growth rate was nominal growth rate without deducting the impact of price. Due to the high price of industrial products, PPI increased by 8.1% year on year. The actual growth rate of fixed assets investment is expected to be low, dragging down the demand for steel.

　　In 2021, final consumption expenditure, total capital formation, and net exports of goods and services drove economic growth by 5.3, 1.1, and 1.7 percentage points, respectively, contributing 65.4%, 13.7%, and 20.9% to economic growth. By comparison, the contribution rate of capital formation to economic growth is lower than that of the previous year and 2019, while the contribution rate of consumption to economic growth has increased. Therefore, in the economic growth of 2021, consumption and exports contributed relatively more, while investment contributed relatively less, resulting in a significant decrease in the intensity of steel consumption per unit of GDP.

　　According to the prepared settlement measurement plan and the determined observation period, observation should be carried out in a timely manner after the observation point is stable. Generally, high-rise buildings have one or several underground structures, and observation should start from the foundation. Settlement observation points (temporary) should be buried at the designed positions on the longitudinal and transverse axes of the foundation (foundation edge). Observation can only be carried out after the temporary observation points are stable. The elevation values of the settlement observation points observed are the basis for comparison in future observations, and their accuracy requirements are very high. N2 level precision leveling instruments are generally used for measurement, and each observation point elevation should be observed twice during the same period. Comparing the observation results, if the height difference between the same observation points does not exceed ± 0.5mm, we can consider the observed data to be reliable. As the structure rises one level, temporary observation points are moved up one level and observed until+0.00, and then observation points are buried according to regulations (for ease of observation, observation points can be set at+500mm). Then, every layer of construction is retested until completion.

　　When conducting settlement observations during the stages of pile driving, excavation of foundation pits, and continuous layering of the upper part after the completion of the foundation, it is necessary to record various factors that affect settlement changes and anomalies, such as the construction progress, increased load capacity, warehouse loading and unloading tonnage, building inclination cracks, etc., for each observation. After weekly observation, the observation data should be promptly organized to calculate the settlement amount, settlement difference, average settlement amount and settlement velocity of the observation point for the current period. If there is an abnormal change in the amount of change, the client should be immediately notified to provide a basis for taking preventive measures, and the number of observations should be appropriately increased.

　　On the other hand, observations of different periods should follow the principle of "five determinations". The so-called "five determinations" refer to the benchmark points, base points, and settlement observation points on the observed object that are commonly used as the basis for settlement observation, and the points should be stable; The instruments and equipment used should be stable; Observers need to be stable; The environmental conditions during observation should be basically consistent; The observation route, mirror position, program, and method should be fixed. The above measures objectively ensure that the subjective uncertainty of observation errors is minimized as much as possible, so that the measured results have a unified tendency; Can ensure the comparability between each retest result and the observation result, making the observed settlement more accurate.

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• Shanxi Jiexiu Observation Station