Ningxia settlement board 400 type roadbed settlement observation board produced by Cangzhou Shuntian

Description :

　　The settlement deformation and frost heave deformation observation of the 400 type roadbed settlement observation board in Ningxia and Cangzhou Shuntian production can be carried out using leveling measurement and photoelectric distance measurement triangulation methods. The measurement of settlement and deformation of high-speed railways is generally carried out according to the third class regulations. For technically complex work sites, they can be executed according to second-class regulations as needed; The newly built ballasted railway subgrade with a speed of 200km/h can be observed for settlement deformation according to the requirements of the fourth-order vertical displacement monitoring network; Frost heave deformation observation should be conducted according to the requirements of the third-order vertical displacement monitoring network. When settlement deformation observation is used for leveling measurement, the observation line should be arranged as an attachment line, and the attachment length should not exceed 1km.

　　The observation principles can be viewed by clicking on the following article:

　　The "Five Fixed" Principle of Deformation Observation

　　（2） Deformation monitoring network

　　1. Vertical displacement monitoring network

　　According to the high precision requirements for settlement deformation measurement and the different roles and requirements of markers, the layout method of vertical displacement monitoring network is divided into three levels.

　　Benchmark point: It is required to be established in a stable area outside the settlement deformation zone, and can directly use offline precision leveling points.

　　Work base point: It is required to be buried in a stable area, remain stable during observation, and serve as a transfer point for elevation and coordinates when measuring settlement deformation points. In addition to using ordinary leveling points, the working base points should be further encrypted or set according to the technical requirements of national second-class leveling measurement to meet the vertical displacement monitoring needs of the working point. When the distance between encrypted benchmark points (including working benchmark points) is about 200m, it can basically ensure the vertical displacement monitoring needs of offline engineering. You can also merge the reference point and the working base point to set them as one level.

　　Settlement deformation point: directly buried on the settlement deformation body to be measured. The location should be set at a characteristic part that can reflect the settlement deformation of the settlement deformation body. It is not only required to be firmly set, easy to store and observe for a long time, but also to have a beautiful form, reasonable structure, and not damage the appearance and use of the settlement deformation body. The settlement deformation points shall be arranged according to the requirements of various points such as roadbed, bridges and culverts.

　　Due to changes in natural conditions, human destruction, and other reasons, it is inevitable that some points in the monitoring network will undergo changes. To verify the stability of the monitoring network, regular testing should be conducted. Regular retesting should be conducted every six months, and in areas with regional subsidence, retesting should be conducted every three months.

　　For important bridge and tunnel construction sites with particularly complex technology, vertical displacement monitoring, settlement and deformation measurement requirements of second-class or above, independent network construction should be carried out, and special measurement design should be carried out in accordance with the technical requirements of national first-class leveling measurement.

　　Leveling observation can be viewed by clicking on the following article: Author: Ranch Classroom Source: bilibili

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